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AndesCore™ A25

Compact High-Speed 32-bit CPU for Real-time and Linux Applications

AndesCore™ A25 Overview

AndeStar™ V5 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), compliant to RISC-V technology
Floating point extensions
Andes extensions, architected for performance and functionality enhancements
Separately licensable Andes Custom Extension™ (ACE) for customized acceleration
32-bit, 5-stage pipeline CPU architecture
16/32-bit mixable instruction format for compacting code density
Branch predication to speed up control code
Return Address Stack (RAS) to speed up procedure returns
Memory Management Unit (MMU) and Physical Memory Protection (PMP)
Flexibly configurable Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC) for supporting wide range of system event scenarios
Enhancement of vectored interrupt handling for real-time performance
Advanced CoDense™ technology to reduce program code size

AndesCore™ A25 is a 32-bit CPU IP core based on AndeStar™ V5 architecture which incorporated RISC-V technology, it is capable of delivering high per-MHz performance and operating at high frequencies, at the same time it is small in gate count. A25 also supports single and double precision floating point instructions, and MMU for Linux based applications. A25 comes with options, including branch prediction for efficient branch execution, Instruction and Data caches, Local Memories for low-latency accesses, ECC for L1 memory soft error protection, and Andes Custom Extension™ (ACE) to add proprietary instructions to accelerate performance/power consumption critical spots.

A25's 5-stage pipeline is optimized for high operating frequency and high performance. Features also includes PLIC and vectored interrupts for serving various types of system events, AXI 64-bit or AHB 64/32-bit bus, PowerBrake and WFI mode for low power and power management, and JTAG debug interface for development support.

Applications

Networking and Communications
Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems
Video and Image Processing
Smart wireless switch/router
Machine/Deep Learning acceleration

Block Diagram

Development Tools

AndeSight™ Integrated Development Environment
COPILOT: Custom-OPtimized Instruction deveLOpment Tool for ACE
ICE debugging hardware

Product Brief

AndesCore™ A25 with Platform Product Brief

Key Features and Performance

AndeStar™ V5 Architecture

Key Features	Benefits
RISC-V RV32IMACFDP instructions	State-of-the art ISA from latest developments in computer architecture Industry standard and open architecture
RISC-V single and double precision floating point instruction	Accelerate the processing of high precision arithmetic
Andes Extended Instructions	Andes exclusive performance and functionality enhancements
Andes Custom Extension™ (ACE) option to create customized instructions for software acceleration	Add customized instruction extensions to facilitate Domain-Specific Architecture/Acceleration (DSA) Boost application performance significantly, at the same time maintain the programmability Powerful constructs are available to define high level instruction ACE design is based on Verilog and C languages which are familiar to the designers The COPILOT tool automatically generates the extended CPU and software toolchain Do not require expertise in processor pipeline to design ACE instructions
16/32-bit mixable instruction format	For compact code density
32 general-purpose registers	For better code size and performance
Machine (M), User (U) and Supervisor (S) Privilege levels	For Linux and advanced operating systems with protection between kernel and user programs

CPU Core

Key Features	Benefits
3.57 Coremark/MHz, 1.98 DMIPS/MHz*	Superior performance-per-MHz
5-stage pipeline, with a full-cycle reserved for critical SRAM accesses	Superior performance-efficiency, while allowing for high speeds
Extensive branch predication features Branch Target Buffer (BTB): 32, 64, 128 or 256-entry Branch History Table (BHT): 256-entry, with 8-bit branch history Return Address Stack (RAS): 4-entry	Branch Target Buffer and Branch History Table to speed up control codes Return Address Stack to speeds up procedure returns
Memory Management Unit Sv32 virtual-memory systems 4/8-entry fully associative ITLB/DTLB 32/64/128-entry 4-way set-associative shared TLB Hardware page table walker	Virtual memory support for full address space and easy code/data sharing Support for full-featured OS such as Linux Protection of supervisor and user privilege Hardware for fast address translation
Physical Memory Protection (PMP), 16 regions	Basic read/write/execute memory protection with minimum cost
Performance monitors	Program code performance tuning
StackSafe™ hardware stack protection	Easy identification of stack size threshold during development Hardware error detection of stack overflow and underflow at runtime
Multiplier options Fast multiplier: pipelined, 2-cycle Small multipliers: producing 1, 2, 4, or 8 bits per cycle	Option to choose between speed and area according to application's requirements
PowerBrake technology	Performance throttling to digitally reduce power consumption
QuickNap™ technology	Fast power-down/wake-up support for caches

* AndeSight v500, DMIPS/MHZ follow Dhrystone’s no-inline ground rules, best performances

Memory Subsystems

Key Features	Benefits
I-Cache & D-Cache Size: 4KB to 64KB Set associativity: Direct-mapped, 2-way or 4-way	Accelerating accesses to slow memories Flexible cache configurations
ILM & DLM Size: 4KB to 16MB SRAM or AHB-Lite interface support Bus masters accesses by AHB slave port	For deterministic and efficient program execution Flexible size selection to fit diversified needs
Soft-error protection: ECC or parity for I-Cache and D-Cache, ILM and DLM with SRAM interface	Code and data integrity protection
Bus master port: AHB or AXI with 64-bit data, 32 to 64-bit address, AXI with I/D separate or joint bus	User-selectable bus interface for optimal efficiency
Bus save port: AHB with 64-bit data, for ILM/DLM accesses	Efficient data transfer between CPU and SoC masters
Core/bus clock ratio of N:1	Simplified SoC integration

Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)

Key Features	Benefits
Implements RISC-V PLIC specification Up to 1023 PLIC interrupt sources Up to 255 PLIC interrupt priority levels Up to 16 PLIC interrupt targets	Allow individual interrupts to be serviced and prioritized without sharing
Enhanced interrupt features Vectored interrupt dispatch Priority-based preemption Selectable edge trigger or level trigger	Faster interrupt handling for real-time applications Complete hardware preemption support for faster response Flexible interrupt source interface for simpler SoC design

Key Features

Benefits

Implements RISC-V PLIC specification

Up to 1023 PLIC interrupt sources
Up to 255 PLIC interrupt priority levels
Up to 16 PLIC interrupt targets

Allow individual interrupts to be serviced and prioritized without sharing

Enhanced interrupt features

Vectored interrupt dispatch
Priority-based preemption
Selectable edge trigger or level trigger

Faster interrupt handling for real-time applications
Complete hardware preemption support for faster response
Flexible interrupt source interface for simpler SoC design

Debug Support

Key Features	Benefits
Implements RISC-V debug specifications	Supported by industry debug tool suppliers
JTAG Debug Port	Industry-standard support
Embedded Debug Module with up to 8 triggers	Flexible configurations to tradeoff between gate count and debugging capabilities
Exception redirection support	Entering debugger upon selected exceptions without using breakpoints

Performance

Core, Process	A25 (w/o DSP, FPU), 28HPC+	A25 (with DSP, FPU), 28HPC+
Frequency (MHz)	1000	1000
Dynamic power (uW/MHz)	17	20
Area (mm2)	0.084	0.165

* Configured with cache and MMU. SVT 9-track library, SS corner, 0.81V, -40°C, and with I/O constraint. Power consumption at TT corner, 0.9V, 25°C

Product Package

A25 with AE350 Platform

Pre-integrated A25, PLIC, Debug Module, plus AXI/AHB Platform